|
In Middle Chinese, the phonological system of medieval rime dictionaries and rime tables, the final is the rest of the syllable after the initial consonant. This analysis is derived from the traditional Chinese ''fanqie'' system of indicating pronunciation with a pair of characters indicating the sounds of the initial and final parts of the syllable respectively, though in both cases several characters were used for each sound. Reconstruction of the pronunciation of finals is much more difficult than for initials due to the combination of multiple phonemes into a single class, and there is no agreement as to their values. Because of this lack of consensus, understanding of the reconstruction of finals requires delving into the details of rime tables and rime dictionaries. ==Finals and rhyme classes== Each final is contained within a single rhyme class, but a rhyme class may contain more than one final: * Several rhyme classes contain both "open" and "closed" finals, thought to be distinguished by the absence or presence of a medial /w/. * Five rhyme classes contain finals that appear to be distinguished according to the absence or presence of medial /j/: 戈(closed) –wa –jwa (rows 1 and 3); 麻 –æ, -jæ (rows 2 and 3); 庚 –æng, -jæng (rows 2 and 3); 东 –uwng, -juwng (rows 1 and 3); 屋 –uwk, juwk (rows 1 and 3). * Some so-called ''chóngniǔ'' 重纽 "repeated button" rhyme classes contain two finals after a labial, velar and laryngeal initials, one placed in row 3 and the other in row 4. (The finals are not distinguished after dental or sibilant initials, and scholars disagree on which of the two finals these should be allocated to.) In all such cases, the paired finals have identical outcomes in all modern Chinese dialects as well as in Sino-Japanese borrowings, and are generally palatalized. However, in Sino-Vietnamese and Sino-Korean only the grade-4 finals have such palatalization. Karlgren ignored the difference, but all modern linguists consider the distinction important, though they do not agree on its realization. Li's and Baxter's transcriptions adopt a convention of using /ji/ the row-4 finals in contrast to /j/ or /i/ for the row-3 finals. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Middle Chinese finals」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|